Overview of minerals, metals, electrolytes and salts in the body
Macrominerals and electrolytes: These are minerals that the body needs in larger quantities, often for structural purposes or to maintain fluid and nerve balance. Important macrominerals include:
Calcium (Ca): Building blocks in skeleton and teeth, and essential for muscle contraction, nerve cord and blood coagulation. Approx.⁺-nifetois regulated nislandye of hormones (pth, calcitonin, vitamin D) for to Ensure proper muscle function, nerve impulses and bone health
Phosphorus (p): Available as phosphate in bone tissue (along with calcium) and in ATP for energy storage. It is necessary for cell membranes (phospholipids) and is used in the body's buffer systems. Phosphorus interacts with calcium; PTH hormone and kidneys regulate the relationship to maintain skeletal strength and energy conversion
Magnesium (mg): Cofactor in hundreds of enzymes, important for protein production, energy metabolism (ATP) and DNA/RNA synthesis. Mg²⁺ also contributeto to nerve and muscle function by to counteract the stimulating effect of calcium (mg seems relaxing pto muscles). Magnesium ptoWorks calcium and potassium balance and is nislanddenting for normal parathyroid hormone function (which regulates calcium)
Sodium (Na): Main ion in the extracellular fluid. Sodium is critical for fluid balance, blood pressure and nerve impulses. The kidneys (via the hormone aldosterone) reabsorbs na⁺ before to maintain blood volume and pressure. Sodium and potassium balance are tightly connected; ntor sodium is picked up, separating potassium for to maintain electronic nislandutterrality.
Potassium (k): Main ion intracellularly. Important for heartbeat, nerve impulses and muscle contractions. Potassium helps regulate blood pressure (opposite sodium) and enzyme reactions. Aldosterone stimulates excretion of k⁺ in the kidneys for to evento Hyperkalemia (too much potassium). Proper NA/K ratio is critical; too much sodium fislandrows to loss of potassium, while low sodium islandker potassium retention
Chloride (CL): Working with sodium for fluid and pH balance. Chloride is part of the stomach acid (hydrochloric acid, HCL) needed for digestion. Also important in the body's buffer systems for the acid-base balance.
Sulfur (s): Available in amino acids (methionin, cysteine) and thus in proteins. Sulfur is important for detoxification (phase II of the liver, glutation), connective tissue structure (sulfur -rich proteoglycans) and skin, hair and nails (keratin). Although sulfur is rarely mentioned as "electrolyte", it occurs as sulphate and other salts in the body.
Important trace elements (essential metals): These minerals are needed in smaller quantities, but are essential for biological processes (often as enzyme components).
Iron (Fe): Necessary for hemoglobin in red blood cells (oxygen transport) and myoglobin in muscles. Also cofactor in many enzymes (eg in energy metabolism and DNA synthesis). Iron status is linked to copper - copper is required for iron to be effectively transported by the protein Ceruloplasmin and incorporated into hemoglobin
Zinc (ZN): Important for the immune system, wound healing, skin health, sense of taste and hundreds of enzyme reactions (eg the antioxidantenenzyme super oxiddismutase, DNA polymerase, etc.). Zinc plays role in cell division and gene expression.
Copper (Cu): Included in enzymes for energy conversion, nerve formation (myelinization), pigment (melanin production) and connective tissue (plyloxidase for collagen). Copper is also needed for iron metabolism - without enough copper, iron can accumulate the wrong places and provide "functional iron deficiency"
Iodine (i): The building block in the thyroid hormones (thyroxine/T4 and triocoda/T3) constitutes regulates metabolism (metabolism) in the body. Sufficient iodine is crucial for normal growth, neurological development and energy conversion.
Selenium (SE): Included in selenoproteins, including the antioxidant glutathion peroxidase that protects cells from oxidative stress. The harness is also necessary for the conversion of thyroid hormones (T4 to active T3) and for the immune system.
Manganese (mn): Cofactor for enzymes that are important in skeletal formation, cartilage formation and carbohydrate metabolism. Manganis is also needed for the antioxidantenzyme mitochondrial superoxiddismutase.
Chromium (cr): Important for normal insulin function and glucose tolerance. Chromium is included in "glucose tolerance factor" which helps insulin to carry glucose into the cells, thus affecting blood glucose regulation.
Molybdenum (Mo): Cofactor in enzymes that break down sulfite (sulfite oxidase), form uric acid (xantinoxidase) and fees alcohol and certain toxins (aldehydoxidase). Although the need is very small, the lack of molybdenum can interfere with these biochemical roads.
Cobalt (CO): Cobalt is part of vitamin B₁₂ molecule (kobalamin). Through B₁₂, cobalt is necessary for blood production, nervous system function and DNA synthesis. Thus, the body needs cobalt in the form of vitamin B₁₂ from the diet.
Other trace elements: These are found in the body in very small amounts. They are not always recognized as "essential" for everyone, but can have biological effects:
Lithium (Li): An alkali metal that is not considered essential, but research suggests that tracks lithium may be beneficial for brain function and mood (lithium in therapeutic doses used against bipolar disorder). Lithium and sodium compete for the kidney reabsorption; High salt intake can reduce lithium in the body
Boron (B): Living is not official essential, but affects mineral metabolism. It can contribute to better bone utilization of calcium and magnesium, and is involved in the production of steroid hormones (such as vitamin D, estrogen/testosterone). Bores are found in fruits, vegetables and nuts, and are believed to support skeletal health and cognitive function.
Silicon (SI): Important for connective tissue and elasticity of skin, hair, nails and arteries. Silicon (often in the form of silica) is needed for collagen formation and bone mineralization. Lack of silicon can cause crispy hair and nails, while supplements can improve the strength of connective tissue.
Vanadium (V): An ultra-spirit that can have a role in skeletal and dental health as well as insulin-like effects on glucose metabolism. No essential has been detected for humans, but organic vanadium compounds have been shown to affect blood sugar (used experimentally in diabetes). However, high doses of vanadium can be toxic (kidney and stomach/intestinal irritation).
Germanium (GE): Not known as essential, but has been studied for possible immune-stimulating and oxygen-seeking properties. Organic germanium compounds (eg GE-132) have been marketed as dietary supplements, but there is no established biological function in humans. Intake of inorganic germanium can be harmful (kidney damage is reported by overdose).
How the minerals affect each other (synergists and antagonists)
Minerals and metals do not appear isolated; They affect the absorption and function of each other through a variety of mechanisms. Some combinations are synergy (they support each other's function), while others are antagonistic (they inhibit or compete with each other):
Calcium and magnesium: These two must be kept in balance. Magnesium is needed for calcium to absorb and function in the cells, and too much calcium can inhibit the magnesium uptake. Low magnesium weakens parathyroid hormone (PTH) and can lead to calcium imbalance. One calcium surplus relative to magnesium is problematic. Such an imbalance can cause muscle cramps, HislandYt blood pressure and calcification tendencies. Actually can pronounced magnesium deficiency withislandre -secondeinr Calcium deficiency in not working normally.
Sodium and potassium: These electrolytes have opposite effects and are regulated by hormones. Aldosterone increases reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys at the same time as potassium is excreted. HislandYT Salt Intake FislandTherefore, often rates to potassium deficiency, while low salt intake can cause potassium surplus. If the NA/K ratio of the Spectrolabotest is low may indicate Pto That the body has a relatively much sodium in terms of. potassium. This can be seen by stress or incipient “Binyre fatigue”, where the body loses potassium. Proper balance is important for nerve cord and heart function - imbalance can cause high blood pressure (at too much na) or heart rhythm disorders (at too little k).
Calcium and phosphorus: These two minerals are found together in bone tissue such as hydroxyapatitis. The body is carefully regulating: high phosphate levels lowers free calcium in the blood (phosphate binds calcium), and excess phosphorus (eg from a lot of soda/processed foods) can thus pull calcium out of bones from bones. Reverse will hislandut calcium stimulate phosphate expression via the kidneys.
Iron and copper: Copper is necessary for iron to be utilized; An enzyme depending on copper (Ceruloplasmin) oxidizes iron so that it can be transported and incorporated into hemoglobin. Lack of copper can therefore lead to functional iron deficiency and anemia, even if the iron intake is sufficient. Pto The other side can too much copper inhibit iron recording (they compete for absorption), which can cause iron deficiency.
Zinc and copper: Zinc and copper are classic antagonists. They compete for intestinal recordings via the same transport protein (metalothionein). HislandYT zinc intake (eg HislandYdose Sink supplement) can therefore utislandSee copper deficiency. This can cause symptoms such as anemia, impaired immune system and neurological problems. Islandis one zinc intake further without to fto Enough copper, you can risk copper deficit. A balanced intake is important – Often it is recommended that supplements containing zinc alsoto Have some copper.
Iodine and selenium: These two trace elements seem synergistically in the thyroid gland's metabolism. Iodine is the raw material itself in the thyroid hormones, while the harness is cofactor in the Deodinase enzymes that activate and disable the hormones. Selenium also protects the thyroid gland from oxidative stress when making hormones. Lack of harness can aggravate the effect of iodine deficiency (and vice versa). Therefore, both must be sufficient for the best possible thyroid function.
Lithium and sodium: These compete in the kidneys for reabsorption.. hislandY Saltrik Mat (Na) Gjislandr that more lithium is taped in urine, while salty diet can islandThe keel lithium retention and in the worst case cause lithium toxicity in those who take lithium medically. Although lithium is not a classic “neinrings”, can gatches have an impact onto Mood. Here will hislandYT Salt consumption could further reduce lithium.
Other interactions: Several trace elements have known antagonists: Too much calcium inhibits absorption of iron (such large calcium supplements should not be taken at the same time as iron). HislandYT iron can alsoto inhibit zinc and vice versa. Molybdenet in excess can bind copper and utislandSee copper deficiency – This is seen at drislandwipers pto pasture with molybenrik soil but is reported in people like ftor in it sveinRt a lot of molybdenum. Cadmium (a heavy metal) competes with zinc Pto Biological binding sites, which we return to under heavy metals. In short: The mineral balance is a fine -tuned system where too much of one can create a relative lack of another.
Consequences of mineral imbalances (high or low levels)
When the levels of minerals and electrolytes in the body are not in balance, a variety of health problems can occur. Both deficiency (too low values) and surplus (too high values) can have harmful effects:
Electrolyte imbalances (Na, K, Cl): Low sodium ("hyponatremia") can lead to weakness, confusion, cramps and in severe cases brain edema. High sodium ("hypernatremia") provides dehydration, high blood pressure and strain on the cardiovascular system. Low potassium ("hypokalemia") causes muscle weakness, cramps, irregular heartbeat and can be life -threatening in severe deficiency. High potassium ("hyperkalaemia") is also dangerous, as it can trigger possible deadly cardiac arrhythmias. Potassium and magnesium deficiency often occurs together- in fact, magnesium deficiency can lead to low potassium levels that are not corrected with potassium supplements before magnesium is corrected. Chloride deficiency can cause acid-base disorders (metabolic alkalosis) and indigestion due to. Low stomach acid, while too much chloride (eg high salt doses) can contribute to high blood pressure and acid load.
Calcium and phosphate: Calcium deficiency (hypocalcaemia) can cause muscle spasms, numbness/tingling (paresthesia), cramps (tetani) and in the long term osteoporosis (osteoporosis) because the skeleton is drained of calcium. High calcium (hypercalcaemia) can cause fatigue, depression, kidney stones, calcifications in soft tissue and heartbeat disorders. In the client's test, the calcium level is normal, but the relationship with magnesium is high, which can cause symptoms corresponding to functional Magnesium deficiency (irritability, muscle tension). Phospormangel is unusual (it is found in most foods), but can cause weakness, bone pain and anorexia. Too much phosphorus - often from soda (phosphoric acid) or additives - can inhibit calcium absorption and contribute to osteoporosis in the long run, especially if vitamin D is also low.
Magnesium deficiency: Magnesium is often marginal in the diet, and deficiency is common. Early signs are fatigue, decreased appetite, headache and muscle cramps. Severe magnesium deficiency can cause neurological symptoms (twitches, cramps), cardiac arrhythmias and low potassium/calcium in the blood. Magnesium deficit is also tiedto to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Surplus of magnesium is rarely outside of overdose pto Supplement/drug (symptoms can veinre low blood pressure, muscle weakness, slislandVeness and at worst cardiac arrest). The kidneys of healthy persons effectively secrete excess magnesium, so hypermagnesemia occurs mostly in renal failure.
Iron: Iron deficiency is the most common mineral shortage worldwide. It leads to iron deficiency anemia - low blood percentage, fatigue, pale, dizziness, impaired physical performance and impaired immune system. Too much iron (hemochromatosis or excessive iron supply) can cause organ damage through oxidative stress - excess iron stored in the liver, heart and pancreas and can cause cirrhosis, diabetes and heart failure if not treated. The body has no active ironing mechanism, so the regulation takes place via recording; Therefore, iron surplus is dangerous over time.
Zinc: Zinc deficiency can cause a variety of diffuse symptoms: impaired immune system (frequent infections), poor wound healing, skin problems (eczema, acne), hair loss, loss of taste and smell sense, reduced appetite and growth inhibition in children. The upper layer zinc values can also reflect that the body gets rid of excess via hair. Excessive zinc supply can lead to copper deficiency, since zinc as mentioned inhibits copper recording. Symptoms pto Sink surplus/copper deficiency includes anemia, neuropathy (nerve disorders) and impaired immune response. It is worth noting that the client's copper level is in the lower normal range in parallel with high zinc, so here you should avoid unnecessary high -dose sink supplements without copper.
Copper: Copper deficiency can appear as anemia (low blood percentage despite adequate iron, due to failure of iron utilization), neutropenia (low level of white blood cells), osteoporosis and neurological symptoms (walking difficulties, numbness) in the event of severe deficiency. Excess copper is rarely from the diet alone, but can occur in hereditary Wilson's disease or when consuming water from copper pipes/vessels. Chronic copper surplus is stored in the liver and brain and can cause liver damage, mental and motor disorders.
Iodine: Iodine deficiency leads classically to the struma (enlarged thyroid gland) and hypothyroidism (low metabolism) with symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, hair loss and depression. In pregnant women, iodine deficiency can damage the fetal brain development. The client's hair-iodine is below the normal range. Iodine values in htoR should be interpreted carefully but low values here along with symptoms can signal that measures are needed (as islandkt use of iodine -enriched salt or supplement). Pto the other side can too much iodine trigger hyperthyroidism or thyroiditis, or paradoxical inhibit the thyroid gland ("wolff-chaikoff effect"). So balance is the key.
Selen: Selenial deficiency can result in reduced antioxidant defense - a known consequence is Keshan's disease (a form of heart failure) seen in areas with extremely low -lane soil. Deficiency can also weaken the immune system and fertility (harness is needed for sperm formation). Substances (selenosis) cause symptoms such as hair loss, brittle nails, skin rash, garlic -like odor from the skin and in severe cases neurological disorders.
Manganese, chrome, molybdenum: Mangan deficiency is unusual, but can affect bone growth and metabolism of carbohydrates/cholesterol. Mangan surpluses are preferably done by industrial exposure (welding smoking etc.) and can cause neurological symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease. Chromium deficiency is also not common in humans, but suboptimal levels can contribute to poor blood sugar control and insulin resistance. Chromial surplus in the form of seven -value chrome (Cr⁶⁺) are toxic and can cause kidney/liver damage and cancer; Three -worthy chromium in diet/supplement is considered safely in moderate doses. Molybdenum deficiency is practically seen only by certain genetic enzyme defects or prolonged artificial nutrition without molybdenum - it can lead to brain effect (because toxic sulfits accumulate). High molybdenum intake can interfere with copper status (give copper deficiency anemia) and increase uric acid levels (give gout-like ailments).
Other trace elements: Lithium: There is no established "lithium deficiency disease", but statistically areas with very low lithium content in drinking water higher incidence of mental health problems (depression, aggression). Very small doses of lithium can have preventive effects on dementia according to certain studies.
Drill is not defined, but suboptimally lives can affect calcium sales and cognitive functions. Silicon deficiency Is not well -defined in humans - however, you see that animals on silicon -poor diets can get weaker bones and connective tissue. Surplus of drill (Intake> 20 mg/d) can cause digestive ailments, headaches and skin rash. Surplus of silicon Via diet is not common, but the inhalation of silica dust can cause lung disease (silicosis). Vanadium At high dose can cause gastrointestinal irritation, green tongue (benign effect) and decreased appetite.
Germanium: Organic germanium supplements have in rare cases caused kidney damage at high doses
In summary, imbalances in minerals can affect all systems in the body:
Skeleted weakened by about, mg, p, mn or b deficiency; nerve and muscle function Affected by NA, K, Ca, MG imbalances (provides cramps, paralysis or arrhythmias); blood and immune system Affected by Fe, Cu, ZN, SE deficiency (provides anemia and risk of infection); metabolism Disturbed with in, see, CR deficiency (provides low metabolism or insulin resistance). Therefore, it is important to have a balanced intake of minerals.
Heavy metals - disorders of the mineral balance and health effects
Heavy metals (eg lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, lead, aluminum) are metals that have no known biological benefit in the body (except perhaps in tiny tracks), and which in increased quantities are toxic. These metals can Displace essential minerals From their biological places and enzymes, as well as damage cells directly by oxidative stress.
Eg can lead (Pb) Take the space of calcium in bone tissue, thus disturbing both bone strength and calcium turnover
Mercury (Hg) binds to the harness, an essential tracer, forming insoluble complexes - this the loss of harness weakens important selenium enzymes as antioxidants and can inhibit the thyroid function
Cadmium (CD) Similar to zinc and can bind where zinc should work, e.g. in the kidneys and in enzymes, which inhibits the zinc metabolism and over time can cause kidney damage.
High cadmium levels are known to cause kidney failure and bone injuries-the disease ITAI-itai in Japan was due to cadmium poisoning and caused bone fragility and kidney damage, precisely because of. Calcium and zinc interpretation.) Arsenic (AS) can compete with phosphate in energy metabolism (Arsenat can replace phosphate in ATP and make it unstable), and bind to sulfur-containing enzymes, which inhibits energy production and detoxification enzymes.
Aluminum Can bind to phosphate and to magnesium in the nervous system, and is suspected to contribute to neurological diseases when accumulating.
Sum summary: heavy metals interferes with the mineral balance By competing with essential minerals for recording and hyphens. They can accumulate in organs – For example, cadmium and lead accumulate in the kidneys and legs and may displace important neinrings. Even low nivtoHowever, heavy metals can have subtle effects. For example, accumulated SM canto amounts of mercuryislandLV and lead contribute something to oxidative stress. Essential minerals such as zinc, copper, manganese and harness ingtor in the antioxidantenzymes; lackto These (which we see trends here: eg some low copper) combined with even small amounts of heavy metals that consume antioxidants (mercury that binds harness) can increase cell damage over time.
Reduction of heavy metal toxicity (detoxification measures)
Prevention and reduction of heavy metal load is important to protect health and restore the mineral balance. Here are some measures and principles:
Avoid exposure: The first step is to identify and remove sources of heavy metals. Avoid foods with high mercury content (eg large predatory fish such as tongue mackerel/swordfish), avoid smoke (contains cadmium), check drinking water for lead (old lead pipe) and be careful with the use of products containing heavy metals (eg some old paint types with lead, mercury thermometers, etc.). When new exposure is stopped, the body can gradually separate some of the load naturally.
Optimize essential minerals: Provide good status of calcium, iron, zinc, selenium and other minerals. These can counteract heavy metals by competing for recording and linking places. For example, sufficient calcium and iron will reduce lead absorption in the gut (children with iron deficiency absorb more lead than children with good iron status). Adequate zinc protects from cadmium poisoning, and enough harness protects from mercury. Harness can bind and shield mercuryislandlv so it becomes less toxic and vitamin C can in Hislandye doses islandKe excretion of lead from body organs
In practice, this means: Eat a nutritious diet or take supplements if needed so that you do not lack minerals - your body can withstand environmental toxins better when it is well nourished. In the client's case, rectifying deficiencies (eg magnesium, iodine and copper) will also provide better defense against any heavy metals.
Dietary supplements and chelates for natural detoxification: There are special supplements that can bind heavy metals and help the body eliminate them. Natural binders such as zeolite (volcanic clay mineral) and bentonitt clay have negative charge and large surface, and can bind to positively charged metal ions in the gastrointestinal system. These then leave the body with the stool. Alsoto Active charcoal (medical charcoal) works by to adsorbes toxins in the gut and used by acute poisonings. Modified citruspectin (a lislandSlig fiber) can bind heavy metals in the blood and intestine - studies show that it can lower the levels of lead and mercury over time. Such means can be taken as a cure, often under guidance, to extract stored heavy metals in a gentle way. These are only examples and a comprehensive professional detoxification protocol is recommended. First and front, one should be grasped unbalanced or deficiencies in minerals, electrolytes and trace elements.
Antioxidants: Because heavy metals cause oxidative stress, antioxidant -rich supplements are useful. Glutation is the body's most important antioxidant and detoxification molecule - it binds directly to heavy metals (especially mercury, cadmium, arsenic) and helps the liver harm them. Supplementation of liposomal glutation or precursors such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can support the body's own detoxification. Also vitamin C in high doses are documented to be able to reduce lead load, and vitamin C generally protect cells from free radicals from heavy metals. The harness mentioned above works both as a substitute for the mercury binds (so that selecting processes are maintained) and as an antioxidant in itself. Vitamin E, alpha-liponic acid, zinc, copper and manganese-all antioxidant nutrients-are also important in comprehensive defense.
Medical Celatter therapy: In cases of severe heavy metal poisoning, medicinal coelators are used. EDTA is a well -known substance that is given intravenously to bind metals in the blood; It forms stable complexes with e.g. lead, copper, nickel and removes them via the kidneys. EDTA treatment is used during medical control by Ptoshown poisoning (such as lead poisoning with Hislandye blood values). Other chelates are dmsa (for lead, mercuryislandlv) and dmps (for mercuryislandLv, arsenic). Such treatments can quickly reduce metal leveltoone but they can alsoto Remove some essential minerals, so follow-up and re-mineralization are required afterwards. It is therefore recommended in general to try natural detoxification first to avoid, among other things. Loss of essential minerals.
Lifestyle and other measures: Good hydration (drinking quite clean and cleaned water) and fiber intake helps the body eliminate toxins via the kidneys and intestines. Regular exercise and sweating (eg infrared sauna) can promote the excretion of some metals through sweat (arsenic and cadmium can be separated out to a small extent as well). Avoid mineral deficiencies at varied diet, and consider a wide range mineral supplementation if the diet is deficient - this ensures that heavy metals do not "get a foothold" where an essential mineral should have been. For example, in the test recommendations, foods were suggested rich in magnesium and zinc such as nuts, sprouts, cocoa beans and legumes, as well as sulfur -rich vegetables and whole grains (rich in silicon and other trace elements) - as diet contributes to both minerals and fiber for detoxification.
Ultimately, handling of heavy metals is about supporting the body's own detoxification ability and avoiding new exposure. For our client, it seems that heavy metal levels are under control; The focus should therefore be on correcting mineral deficiencies to optimize health, while maintaining good detoxification routines to keep the unwanted metals low.
Reservations and disclaimer
This information is for information purposes only and should not be interpreted as medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The test results from Spectrolabo mineral and heavy metal test is intended as an indication of the body's mineral and metal status, and should be interpreted in consultation with qualified health professionals. None of the aforementioned products, methods or recommendations are intended to replace professional medical assessment, treatment or diagnostics.
Uno Vita AS is the importer and distributor of Spectrolabo mineral and heavy metal test system In Norway and disclaims any responsibility for how the test results are interpreted or used. Users of this test take full responsibility for their own health and any measures based on the test's results.
© Uno Vita AS, unovita.no. All rights reserved.
