Red light therapy, or photobiomodulation (PBM), is a biophysical technology where specific wavelengths of red and near-infrared light are used to support the body's natural regulation and repair processes. Instead of chemical or mechanical influence, PBM uses light as a biological signal, which makes the technology non-invasive, gentle and suitable for both professional use and home use.
Red light therapy primarily uses red light in the area approx. 620–700 nm and near-infrared light in the range approx. 780–1,060 nm. These wavelengths have the ability to penetrate skin and underlying tissue without damaging cells, provided correct dosage and use. This clearly distinguishes PBM from heat treatment and cosmetic light.
How red light therapy works at the cellular level
When red or near-infrared light hits the body, the photons are absorbed by light-sensitive structures in the cells, particularly in the mitochondria. The mitochondria act as the cells' energy centers and play a key role in the production of ATP. Light absorption can contribute to more efficient electron transport, better utilization of oxygen and modulation of cellular redox balance. This is not about adding energy directly, but about optimizing existing biological processes, which is the background for the concept of photobiomodulation.
PBM has also been studied in connection with nitric oxide (NO), blood circulation and cell communication. Overall, red light therapy is described as a regulator of biological signaling pathways rather than a classical treatment.
The difference between red and near-infrared light
Red light is mainly absorbed more superficially and is often used in connection with skin, scars, connective tissue and cosmetic purposes. Near-infrared light penetrates deeper and can reach muscles, joints and deeper connective tissue. For that reason, many modern systems combine both types of light to provide a broader biological response. Uno Vita's red light systems have been developed precisely with this in mind.
Documented and studied areas of use
Red light therapy is used today in a number of contexts within recovery, well-being and performance. Studies and practical experience have looked at use in muscle recovery after exercise, stiffness and stress in joints and connective tissue, the skin's renewal processes, as well as support for circadian rhythms and sleep. The research varies in quality and scope, but the common denominator is that PBM is investigated as a tool to support normal biological functions, not as a treatment for disease.
Red light therapy and redox balance
An important, but often overlooked topic in red light therapy is redox balance. The body depends on a fine-tuned balance between oxidative and antioxidative processes for normal cell function. PBM is described in the research as a possible modulator of this balance, where light can affect signaling pathways without "switching off" necessary physiological processes. This is a key difference between light-based stimulation and high-dose antioxidants.
LED versus laser in red light therapy
Both LED and laser are used in photobiomodulation, but with different properties. Lasers provide highly focused light and are often used in clinical contexts, while LEDs provide a wider light field that covers larger areas. For home use and full body treatment, LED-based panels are often the most practical. Effect is not only about strength, but about the right wavelength, dosage, distance and treatment time.
Home use and professional use
Red light therapy can be used both at home and in professional environments. Home equipment is developed for regular use with controlled intensities, while professional equipment often offers greater flexibility in settings and protocols. Many choose home use as a long-term supplement to a holistic lifestyle.
How to choose the right red light therapy equipment
When choosing red light therapy, one should consider which wavelengths the system uses, whether it combines red and near-infrared light, effect per area rather than just total watts, area of use such as spot treatment or whole body treatment, as well as quality, safety and documentation. The right choice is about physics and biology, not marketing.
Safety and use
Used correctly and according to the manufacturer's guidelines, red light therapy is considered a safe and non-invasive technology. It is recommended to use eye protection when treating near the face and to follow the recommended treatment times. Excessive use does not necessarily produce a better effect.
Summary
Red light therapy and photobiomodulation are based on well-documented biophysical principles where light is used as a signal to the cells. The technology combines modern physics with the body's own biological mechanisms and is used today both in professional environments and at home. For many, PBM is a long-term tool for supporting energy, recovery, skin and balance in the body, and interest continues to grow in line with increased scientific understanding and better available equipment.
