The enormous amount of energy generated in the mitochondria constantly exposes them to free radicals. The resulting mitochondrial decay is a hallmark of aging. PQQ protects and strengthens delicate mitochondrial structures to promote youthful cell function in three different ways:

• Antioxidant effect. Like CoQ10, PQQ is a highly potent antioxidant. Its extraordinary molecular stability enables it to facilitate thousands of biochemical reactions in the mitochondria without breaking down, for maximum antioxidant and bioenergetic support.
• Modulates positive gene expression. PQQ activates genes that promote the formation of new mitochondria - and that interact positively with genes that are directly involved in mitochondrial health. The same genes also support healthy body weight, normal fat and sugar metabolism, and youthful cell proliferation.
• Mitochondrial defense. The mitochondria have their own DNA, distinct from the DNA of the nucleus. Unfortunately, compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA is relatively unprotected. PQQ's antioxidant power and favorable gene expression profile support the mitochondria's defense.

PQQ is an essential nutrient, meaning the body cannot produce it on its own. A growing body of research shows that PQQ's unique nutritional profile supports heart health and cognitive function - alone and in combination with CoQ10. This comes as no surprise, given the amount of energy these vital organs require.

Research shows that PQQ supports heart cell function in the presence of free radicals, and promotes blood flow in the heart muscle. When taken in combination with CoQ10, just 20 mg per day of PQQ has been shown to promote memory, attention and cognition in the elderly.

Life Extension has identified a purified, highly potent form of PQQ from Japan that is produced through a unique fermentation process. The result is BioPQQ ® , the highest quality PQQ available on the market today.